🐍 Number manipulation

num math manipulation

Math

Basic Number Functions

min(2, 4, 6)      # smallest value
max(2, 3, 7)      # largest value
round(3.4)        # rounds to nearest whole number
abs(-15)          # absolute value → 15
pow(3, 2)         # 3 to the power of 2 → 9
rest = 10 % 3     # modulo (remainder) → 1

Range

# range(start(inklusiv), stop(exklusiv), steps)
 
for i in range(50, 100, 5): # jede 5. Zahl zwischen 50 und 99
	print(i)

Random number

import random
 
# Random whole number between 1 and 6 (like rolling a dice)
x = random.randint(1, 6)
print("Dice roll:", x)
 
# Random floating-point number between 0 and 1
y = random.random()
print("Random float:", y)

With math Module

from math import floor, ceil, sqrt
 
floor(3.7)     # always rounds down → 3
ceil(3.1)      # always rounds up → 4
sqrt(144)      # square root → 12

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Number Formatting x fStrings

⭐️ f-Strings are the cleanest and most modern way to format numbers in Python.

Basic Setup for following examples

number = 1000

Decimal Places

f"The number is {number:.3f}"
# 1000.000 → round to 3 decimal places

Thousand Separators

f"The number is {number:,}"
# 1,000 → adds commas (or locale separators)
 
f"The number is {number:_}"
# 1_000 → underscore separator

Binary / Octal / Hex

f"Binary: {number:b}"   # 1111101000
f"Octal:  {number:o}"   # 1750
f"Hex:    {number:X}"   # 3E8 (uppercase)
f"hex:    {number:x}"   # 3e8 (lowercase)

Scientific Notation

f"Scientific: {number:E}"   # 1.000000E+03 (uppercase)
f"scientific: {number:e}"   # 1.000000e+03 (lowercase)

Percentage

value = 0.256
f"Value: {value:.1%}"   # 25.6%

Custom Numeric Formatting (advanced)

f"{number:,.2f}"   # 1,000.00 → comma + 2 decimals
f"{number:0>8}"    # 00001000 → pad with zeros to width 8
f"{number:=+8}"    #    +1000 → sign aligned

Padding & Alignment

⭐️ fStrings are a great way to align your output: Alignment & Width